Carbureter.



J. R. MACK.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATIONv FILED JAN.12, |912.

Pzitented July 10, 1917.

orare.

JOHN RODNEY MACK, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THETEXAS COMPANY, OF NEW`YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF TEXAS, AND ONE-FOURTH TO EDWARD P. DECKER, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

CARBURETER.

S'pecication o Letters-Patent. Patented July 10, 191?,

Application filed January 12, 1912. Serial N0. 670,766.

To all 'whom t may concer/n.:

Be it known that I, JOHN Romina' MACK, a citizen of the United States,residing'at Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State ofNew Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters forInternal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to new and useful improvements in carburetersfor vaporizing liquid fuel for use as the explosive charge in internalcombustion engines, and

the primary object of the invention is to provide'a carbureterwhich'will be especially adapted tothe vaporization of kerosene as aliquid fuel.

The invention consists in the improvements to be fully describedhereinafter and the novelty of which will be particularly pointed outand distinctly claimed.

I have fully and clearly illustrated my invention in the accompanyingdrawings to be taken as a part of this specification and wherein:

Fi e l is a view in side elevation'of a mu iai-cylinder internalcombustion engine provided with my invention, the latter being shown inside elevation;

Fig. 2 is a' vertical central longitudinal view through my improvedcarbureter;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Before proceeding with the detail description ofmy invention, l".v wouldstate that it is shown as applied to or embodied in that type ofcarbureter in which the liquid fuel is vaporized to form the explosivecharge, and is fed to the explosion cylinder by the suction produced bythe vacuum created on the intake str'oke of they-power piston, the fuelbeing fed to the vaporizer by force feed preferably. 1

Referring to the drawings by characters of reference, A, A, A, Adesignate the power cylinders of a four-cylinder internal combustionengine which may be of the fourcycle type, and B designates the intakemanifold from which extend the inlet branches C, one leading to eachcylinder of the enne, the manifold being formed with aownwardly-projecting extension D, all as shown in Fig. l of thedrawings. l wish it understood that the construction just de# scribedforms no part of my present invention, the same being shown only inorder that the application and operation of my invention will be fullyunderstood.

l will now proceed to describe'the structure which has been selected asexemplifying my invention: 1 designates a hollow chamber preferably inthe form of an elongated tubular member which is substantially cylinsdrical in general contour and may be provided at its upper end with anannular iange 2A adapted to abut and be secured by bolts 3 to an annularflange 4 on the power lend of the branch D of the manifold. This an'opening 'i' in the side of the chamber 1, said plug member having alongitudinally extending tubular extension8 located transe versely ofthe member 1 and havin a bore or passage 9A formed at its inner enwith'a nozzle 10 which closely approaches 'the o'pposite side wall ofthe chamber for a purpose to be presently described.l Extending throughthe bore just mentioned is a tubular stem 11 provided with an exteriorthread 12 adapted to engage the internal .surface of the tubularextension 8 so'as to form between the vstem and said extension acircuitous or helical passage 13, as clearly shown in Fig. 4 of thedrawings. At its outer end the stem 11 projects exterior of the plug 7and is threaded as at 14 into a yreservoir l5,` which at its base isconnected by ak valved coupling consists of a plug member 6 adapted tobe threaded into 16, with a feed pipe 17 connecting with a source ofliquid fuel supply. In this cou-I pling 16 is a turn-plug valve 18 whichis operated by means hereinafter described to control the feed of fuelto the reservoir 15. The'bore of the stem 11 communicates with thepassage 13 heretofore described through a lat-,eral port 18 in said stemat the'head of said passage. The arrangement is such that the liquidfuel under pressure entering the nipple plug and the passage in the stemfrom said reservoir will emerge from the lateral port 18EL through thestem and flow through the circuitous passage 13 between the stem andplug to the nipple 10, whence it strikes the conical face 19 of a dasherscrew 20 threaded into the casing andheld against accidental turning byan expansive sprlng 21 surrounding the screw and exerting its forceagainst the casing and the head of said screw. By striking said conicalface the liquid is deflected against the casing wall and is broken up soas to mix with the air drawn into the open end 5 of the chamberv on theintake stroke of the engine piston. The conical headmay also be adjustedtoward and away from the nozzle opening to re late the iow from thenozzle.

urrounding the tubular membeg 8 heretofore described is a layer 22 ofinsulatingl material, such, for instance, as asbestos, about which iscoiled a high resistance wire 23, one end of which is grounded against aliange 24 on the inner end of the member 8. About the wire coil andcovering the same is a second layer lof asbestos 25 and over the 4sameis a cylindrical metal jacket 26 which contacts at its lower end withsaid liange and at its upper end abuts the threaded end of thecylindrical plug 11. The outer end of the high resistance wire isconnected to a feed wire 26a which leads to one pole of va source ofelectric current (not shown), .the other pole of which is grounded onsome part of the engine structure so that the circuit is completedthrough the chamber of the carbureter. By this arrangement the liquidfuel is spread in a thin film or stream between the stem and the innersurface of 'the cylindrical plug and, when the current is on,th is filmis highly heated so that, when emerging-from the nozzle 10 itisthoroughly vaporized. ,4

In the chamber between the inlet plug just described and the manifold isa transverse cylindrical enlargement 27 through which extends ahorizontally-disposed shaft 28 upon which is mounted for free rotation fa mixing wheel 29 having radial vanes 30, 'as shown iii Figs. 2 and 3.This cylindrical chamber containing the mixing wheel is open at onequarter as at 31 to the air passage toward the fuel inlet plug, and onthe upper quarter on the other side of the vertlcal diameter of thewheel is open as at 32 to the nasase vided with an opening through whichthe wheel, shaft and cylindrical screen may be withdrawn, the openingbeing provided with a suitable closure plate 34 which is held in placeby a nut 35 threaded on the end of the shaft. Whenever suction iscreated through the chamber by the vacuum caused by the intake 'strokeof the engine piston creating a rush of 'air inward through the chamber,,the mixing wheel will be caused to rapidly rotate by the mixturestriking the vanes thereof in passing to the engine.

In the casing betweenA the mixing wheel and the' upper end of saidchamber is arranged a throttle valve 36 preferably in the form of theAwell. known butterfly valve, although my invention is not in any Waylimited to any particular form of valve.

I will now proceed to describe the means for regulating the supply offuel to the reservoir, and for controlling the air admitted to thecasing 5 to be mixed With the tjet of fuel emitted from the nozzle 10.Con- 39 threaded on vsalid lever on pposite `sides of the engaging endof the bar. The opposite end of this bar connects to one 'end of theleve"40 fulcrumed intermediate its ends on a bracket 41 secured to thereservoir, the opposite end of said lever' being connected to a plungerrod 42 which extends centrally through a cap-piece 43 threadedl on thevlower end 5 of the casing. This rod 42 works within a guide-boss 44,formed centrally of said cap, land carries at its inner end a valveplate or diaphragm 45 which co-perates with a shoulder 46 in said cap toseparate the interior of the ,capfrom the lower end of the casing.Mounted on the rod 42 and engaging the inner end of the boss 44 is anexpansive coil spring 47 acting against said boss, and a nut 48adjustably mounted on said rod to normally seat the diaphragm vvalve 45against said shoulder 46. Thecappiece 1s formed with a plurality ofinlet openings 49 through which ai'r finds access to the interior of thecarbureter w en suction is created therethrough. The arrangement is suchthat the suction or instroke of the engine serves to open the valve 45,which is prevented from causinga vacuum in the supply pipe and therebyinterfering with the feed of the proper amount of fuel to thecarbureter.

The reservoir maintains in the line of supply a body or column of fuelin excess of that drawn out by the suction through the carbureter.Without such a means the suction might create a vacuum in the supplypipe and this might result in interrupting the flow of fuel. Byemploying the reservoir there is always a sure and steady supply ofkerosene at every suction stroke of the en ine.

In t e casing 1 between the rotary mixing device and the nozzle, isformed an annular series of openings 50, and surrounding this portion ofthe casing is a rotary band 51 having a similar set of openings, thearrangement being such that by the rotation of said band on the casingthe openings in the bandand casing may be so related as to vary orregulate the supply of air to the casing. It will be understood that aconstant or determined amount of air enters the casing through theopenings 50, and that the total amount of air in the mixer entering theengine is regulated by the band 51, which permits more or less air toenter the said openings 50.

The parts being arranged as described the operation of the invention isas follows:

The engine is started either under compression or by the crank in theusual manner, which will immediately cause a vacuum within the cylinderin which the piston is on the intake stroke, which serves to create acurrent of air from the outer atmosphere through the openings 50, andalso serves to lift the diaphragm valve 45 from its seat to permit inletof the air through the openings 49. This suction through the carbureterinto the manifold, together with the force feed of the fuel, causes thekerosene to be sprayed into the chamber from the nozzle 10 and to bebroken up against the conical head 19.0f the screw 20. While passingthrough the plug the kerosene is effectively heated by the resistancecoil, so that when emerging from the nozzle 7 the kerosene is thoroughlyvaporized yand in proper condition to mix with the air which is drawninto the chamber. The suction through the chamber continuing throughoutthe intake stroke of the piston, ythe air and vapprized fuel is drawninto the mixing chamberwhere the rapidly revolving wheel causes the airand vaporized kerosene to thoroughly intermingle, the mixture past thethrottle valve to the manifold.

The construction of the stem 11 with the thread thereon in combinationwith the tubular member 8, forming the circuitous passage 13, isimportant in that it lengthens the time that the column of; kerosenetakes to flow through the plug and therefore the flowing from theopening,

ift.

time the kerosene is subjected to the heat of the coil 21, 'and at thesame time the kero-- sene is'spread into a thin lm so that it is morequickly and thoroughly heated.

It will be understood that in the multicylinder engine, or one havingfour cylinders, that the suction in the manifold and through thecarbureter is substantially constant so that the diaphragm valve 45 willbe held open during the operation of ,the several pistons, and will notmove to its seat unless the engine is running very slowly. If thecarbureter is used in connection with a single-cylinder engine wherethere is an appreciable interval between suction strokes, the said valve45 opens' on the suction stroke and closes on the explosion stroke. Bythe arrangement shown for controlling supply to the reservoir, no matterwhether the carbureter is used in connection with a singlecylinderengine or multi-cylinder engine, the lifting of the valve from its seatwill open the turn-plug so that the reservoir is furnished with anamount of kerosene equal to the amount drawn through the nozzle by thesuction in the carbureter.

W'hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is 1. In a carbureter, a chamber having an air inlet and anoutlet, a tubular member extending into the chamber, and disposed so asto direct liquid fuel against the side wall of said chamber, and anelectric heating coil surrounding said member within the chamber, forvaporizing the liquid passing in the casing between said air inlet andout-- let, the fuel inlet duct opening into the helical passageway, saidplu having an outlet through which the fuel om said passagewaydischarges into said chamber in the casing, and a heating coilsurrounding said helical passa eway to vaporize the fuel flowing theretrough.

3. In a carbureter, a chamber having a curved side wall, an air inlet,and an outlet, a tubular member for delivering liquid fuel to thechamber, said tubular member having an orifice disposed opposite saidcurved side wall and capable of directing the fuel against said wall,insulating Vmaterial surrounding said member, a'n electric heating coilwound on the said material, insulating material on the coil, and asurrounding jacket. v

4. In a carbureter, the combination of a vertically arranged chamberhaving an air inlet at the bottom, a mixture outlet at the top and acurved side Wall, a tubular member extending through the Wall of thechamber and having its orifice disposed so as to direct fuel against thecurved Wall, and a coil 5 wound on the tubular member for heating thefuel' passing therethrough.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having a curved sideWall, an inlet at one end and a mixture outlet at the other 10 end, atubular fuel delivering member eX- tending transversely of said chamberbetween said inlet and said outlet and having its orifice disposedclosely adjacent the curved wall of said chamber, and a device forregulating the 'discharge of fuel from 15 said oriioe.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN RODNELT MACK. Witnesses:

M. E. MCNINCH, C. G. HEYLMURE.

